Adding or removing non-load bearing walls can have a significant impact on a renovation project. If you are new to this aspect of construction, the task might seem overwhelming.
The first step is determining whether the walls are load-bearing or non-load bearing walls if you are planning to take down a wall or two.
If the wall is structural, meaning it is load bearing, there are additional things you’ll need to do to keep the building stable. But, if you’re working with non-load bearing walls, you have a bit more freedom.
However, there are still important factors to consider, regulations to comply with and a variety of tools and equipment to gather. In this article you’ll learn how to identify and successfully work with non-load bearing walls.
What Is a Non-Load Bearing Wall?
A non-load bearing wall, also called a partition wall or curtain wall, is used to divide spaces or create rooms within a building.
Unlike a load-bearing wall, which supports the weight of the structure, a non-structural wall supports just its own weight and lightweight features like shelves, pictures and interior doors. It can be removed without compromising the building’s structural integrity.
Before demolishing a wall, it is crucial to first determine whether it is load-bearing or non-load bearing as each requires a different approach. If you are removing a load-bearing wall, you must provide temporary support while you work to ensure the building does not collapse.
How to Tell if a Wall is Non-Load Bearing
Structural walls and curtain walls may appear similar on the surface. Luckily, there are several clues to help you identify the function of the wall so you can complete your project safely. Many of these clues can easily be seen from the attic or basement.
Clues to Look For: Typically, a non-load bearing wall will …
- Be parallel to the floor joists. If it runs perpendicular, it is likely a load-bearing wall.
- Be interior walls, not exterior walls. Walls that form the perimeter of a structure are almost always load-bearing walls.
- NOT have purlin bracing. If purlin bracing is attached to the top of the wall it is a load-bearing wall.
- Be supported by other walls or joists. Partition walls are secured to other structures in the building but are not designed to support the structure.
- NOT be masonry walls. If the wall is made of concrete, bricks or blocks, it may be load-bearing.
- NOT end in supports or columns. If a wall includes a support system below it, it is load-bearing.
- Be thinner than 6 inches. Load-bearing walls are generally built with lumber thicker than six inches or other strong materials.
If you determine a wall to be load-bearing, special care is required to remove it or replace it. In the next section, you’ll learn ways to help your project go smoothly.
How to Safely Work with Non-Load Bearing Walls
If you peeled away the surface of a typical partition wall, you would find a top plate running horizontally along the ceiling and a bottom plate on the floor, with vertical studs between them. Horizontal studs between the vertical studs are installed as additional support, fire blocks and surfaces on which to mount electrical boxes and wiring.
Doorways are stabilized with vertical king studs on each side of the opening. Inside of these are vertical trimmer studs and a horizontal header on which to mount the door frame. Vertical studs above the header are called top cripples.
Also, hidden behind most non-load bearing walls may be ductwork, insulation, plumbing pipes and electrical wiring.
While non-structural walls are typically considered easier to work with than structural walls, there are still several steps to follow to ensure a safe project site. To work safely and effectively, keep these tips in mind.
1. Confirm the Wall Is NOT Load Bearing
Before you remove any non-structural wall, confirm that it is truly a non-load bearing wall by using the checklist above.
If you are still unsure, err on the side of caution and consult a structural engineer. Because structural integrity can be compromised by removing a load-bearing wall, investing in their knowledge could be money well spent.
2. Use Plumb Bobs
A plumb bob is a carpenter’s tool that has been used for thousands of years to ensure projects are plumb. Also called a plummet, it is a weighted object with a pointed tip, suspended from a string.
This tool is essential for accurately positioning a wall directly beneath a ceiling joist and snapping chalk lines for perfectly aligned top and bottom plates. If the wall is not plumb it can be difficult to finish and may deteriorate over time.
3. Take Safety Seriously: Turn Off Electricity Before Demolition
Most curtain walls also conceal essential systems, like ductwork, electrical wiring and plumbing.
- Before demolition, turn off the electricity by locating the circuit breaker panel and switching off the breaker that feeds power to the area.
- Test all switches and outlets to confirm the power is off.
- Take your time and work carefully when removing baseboards, trim and drywall so you can see what is beneath the surface.
Handling electrical and plumbing systems requires caution as mistakes can be dangerous. If you are not completely confident in your skills, consult a licensed electrician or plumber. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration also provides valuable guidelines for safely taking down walls and maintaining a safe environment.
4. Frame the Wall(s)
For new non-structural walls, start by determining the desired location of the partition wall and locating ceiling joists on which to secure the top plate. In an unfinished space, joists are visible. In a finished space, a stud finder can help you locate joists.
- Mark the Floor and Ceiling: If your new wall runs parallel to the ceiling joists, adjust the location so it sits directly under a joist. If you are working with a finished ceiling, mark the edges of the joists so you can secure the top plate to a joist and not just the ceiling. Snap a chalk line on the floor and the ceiling to mark where plates will be aligned.
- Create the Frame: Make sure the studs are spaced correctly and securely fastened to the top and bottom plate, according to your local building codes. Install blocks between the studs for additional support. Stagger the blocks, alternating heights of 3 ½ feet and 4 ½ feet, so you can easily nail them in place.
- Place and Secure the Frame: Be sure to enlist help in moving the wall frame to its new location. Tilt the wall into place, aligning the plates with the chalk lines. Securely fasten the wall to the ceiling joists, floor and existing walls. As you go, make sure the wall stays level and plumb.
5. Control and Clean Up Dust as You Go
When it comes to messiness, few projects rival wall demolition or construction. Remodeling and construction mean handling insulation, exposed nails and splintered wood. Fine dust from drywall sanding needs to be controlled to minimize breathing hazards.
- Prepare the Site for Dust Control and Debris Removal: Keep dust contained using plastic sheeting. In older buildings, asbestos remediators should handle or remove any asbestos-containing materials before you begin construction.
- Clean Up as You Go: Consider using a dust extractor to remove fine, construction-related dust and wearing a mask and goggles while you work. A slurry vacuum or a wet/dry vacuum can also help keep the worksite clean and free of debris.
- Clean Again Before Painting: Vacuum the dust after wall installation but before painting begins.
Herc Rentals Makes It Easier to Work with Non-Load Bearing Walls
Renovating a space by adding or removing a non-load bearing wall can be both a rewarding experience and a profitable project for your business.
If you are taking walls down, first confirm the wall is not load-bearing. If you are constructing one, proper placement and accurate techniques are key from the onset. In both cases, having the right tools is essential for working efficiently and minimizing dust and debris.
Before you start, gear up with reliable, high-quality equipment from Herc Rentals. Our wide selection of light construction tools and dust control solutions will help keep your project site neat while improving efficiency.
Whether you need a small torque wrench or a high-powered vacuum, you can count on Herc Rentals to get you the right tools for the job. Contact us at 888-777-2700 to talk to an equipment specialist today.
